Steam Turbine Blade Path Audit

<body topmargin=0 leftmargin=0 marginheight=0 marginwidth=0> <table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 border=0><tr> <td valign="top" colspan=2 height=100 BGCOLOR="#CCCCFF" TEXT="#080000" bgproperties="fixed" background="0d200640egdysm.jpg"> <div> <FONT SIZE="6" COLOR="#000066" FACE="Arial" ><B>Jonas, Inc.</B></FONT><FONT SIZE="5" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B>   </B></FONT><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B> |</B></FONT><B>     </B><A HREF="index.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Jonas, Inc."><U><B>Home</B></U></A><B> </B><B> </B><B>   </B><B> |    </B><A HREF="contact.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Contact Us"><U><B>Contact Us</B></U></A><B>                                           </B></div> <div> back to<B>  </B><A HREF="services.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Services"><U><B>Services</B></U></A><FONT SIZE="3" COLOR="#000099" FACE="Arial" ><B> 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Turbines</U></A></div> <bR> </td> <td valign="top" height=380 BGCOLOR="#FFFFFF" TEXT="#080000"> <div> <B>Steam Turbine Blade Path Audit</B></div> <div> A quantitative evaluation of row by row efficiency and MW losses caused by deposits, corrosion, solid particle and water droplet erosion, foreign object damage, and wear or damage of seals. </div> <div> <B>Background </B></div> <div> Deterioration of the blade path efficiency and MW generating capacity is often the number one cause of increased cost of generation and lost revenue.  For a large unit, the losses can be as high as $10 million/year.  Up to 40 MW losses of generating capacity have been experienced due to deposition of copper and phosphate in the HP and IP turbines.  The other causes of blade path deterioration include:</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">solid particle erosion caused by exfoliation of iron oxides in the superheater and reheater</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">foreign object damage after turbine erection or overhauls</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">water droplet erosion of wet LP turbine stages</div> <div> <IMG BORDER="0" SRC="Symb075c00b700c800000000.gif" HEIGHT="13" WIDTH="24" ALIGN="bottom" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0">wear of seals, and steam leakages around stationary blade diaphragms, labyrinth seals, and through horizontal joint of the turbine casing. </div> <div> <B>Description of the Audit </B></div> <div> The state of the blade path is measured and documented during a turbine overhaul and the change in the stationary and rotating blade geometry and surface finish, deposit thickness, and seal clearances are entered into a steam turbine design and analysis computer program to determine the efficiency and MW losses.  The computer program also determines reference design efficiencies for comparative purposes.  </div> <div> The audit starts with an inspection of the opened turbine by a Jonas, Inc. engineer who documents  the state of the blade path.  Deposits are collected for chemical analysis and water and steam chemistry control is reviewed, if required.  The station performance engineer, control room operators, and chemists are interviewed to determine possible causes of the blade path deterioration. </div> <div> <B>Blade Path Audit Report </B></div> <div> The audit report presents total losses for the turbine, recoverable and non-recoverable row by row losses divided by the individual causes (described above), and a discussion of the root causes of the losses and their engineering solutions. </div> <div> Below are examples of audit results (Figure 1) and the effects of deposits and surface finish deterioration. </div> <div>   <IMG SRC="1024cde0.jpg" border=0 width="588" height="222" ALT="Distribution losses" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <div> <B>Figure 1.  </B><B>Distribution of Losses in the Control Stage of a Fossil HP Turbine,  Drum Boiler Unit </B><B>with a Copper Deposition Problem </B></div> <div> <B>Options </B></div> <div> <B>Analysis of Deposits and Sources of Individual Chemical Impurities:</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  deposits are collected, composition is analyzed and the losses due to individual deposit constituents such as copper oxides, phosphate, sodium chloride, and silica are evaluated, sources of these chemicals determined, and recommendations for reduction of deposition are made.  </FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="deposit.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Turbine Deposit Collector / Simulator"><U><B>Turbine Deposit Collector/Simulator Test</B></U></A><B>:</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  Determine what is depositing and when by using an inexpensive device which is installed outside the turbine.</FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="audit.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Plant Audit Water Chemistry and Corrosi"><U><B>Water Chemistry and Corrosion Audit</B></U></A><B>:</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  2 - 3 day review of water and steam chemistry, operation, and maintenance of the steam generating plant aimed at prevention/reduction of cycle component corrosion and scale and deposit formation </FONT></div> <div> <A HREF="particle.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="Particle Monitor"><U><B>Particle Monitor/Alarm</B></U></A><B>:</B><FONT SIZE="2" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >  monitoring of exfoliation and solid particle erosion to determine the severity the exfoliation problem and the type of operation which results in exfoliation and solid particle erosion.  Jonas, Inc. can perform an approximately one week test during cold startup or permanently install a Particle Flow Monitor and periodically interpret the data.  </FONT></div> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="1e266430.gif" border=0 width="358" height="67" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>