Sampler for Condensing Phases in Steam and Other Gases

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Condensate, First Condensate) in Steam and Other Gases</B></div> <div> The Sampler is used for troubleshooting corrosion and water and steam chemistry problems in steam turbines, feedwater heaters, BWR reactors, PWR steam generators, heat exchangers, piping, and geothermal systems.  It can also be used for any other two-phase fluids (oil and gas, hydrocarbons, acids, etc.) for pressures up to 600 psi (4 MPa) and 600<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >o</FONT>F (315<FONT SIZE="1" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" >o</FONT>C).</div> <div> This instrument was originally developed for sampling moisture (early condensate, first condensate) from the wet steam regions of LP turbines and the extraction piping.  Impurities and water treatment chemicals in the steam redistribute between the gas and liquid, often acidifying the water drops and film (Ref. 1 to 3).  The Sampler (Figure 1) samples wet steam from an extraction pipe and passes it through a high efficiency Moisture Separator (99.9%).  The separated moisture contains the same concentration of impurities as is present in the liquid film that forms on LP turbine blades in the wet stages of the LP turbine. </div> <div> The purpose of the sampling and chemical analysis of the steam moisture is to determine its corrosivity on the surfaces of LP turbine and other components which are in the wet steam regions, particularly the turbine blades and blade attachments and heat exchanger and piping surfaces.  When used with on-line or grab sample analysis, the Moisture Sampler can be used to determine the pH, conductivity and concentration of impurities in the moisture. </div> <div> <B>Description</B></div> <div> The Sampler (Figure 1) collects samples of the moisture in the wet steam.  The steam is removed from the piping at an isokinetic sampling rate.  It then passes through a moisture separator that removes 99.9% of the moisture and water droplets greater than 1 micron while allowing the steam to pass.  The separated moisture drains through the bottom of the separator, passes through a sample cooler and can then be sent to on-line analyzers, directly sampled, or sent to a drain.  The saturated steam exits the separator and passes through a condenser after which it is sent to drain.  Flowmeters are installed on the condensed steam and separated moisture drain lines in order to calculate the % moisture in the sampled steam.  <FONT SIZE="4" COLOR="#000000" FACE="Arial" ><B> </B></FONT></div> <div> In order to achieve the greatest accuracy, it is recommended to sample the wet steam using an <A HREF="nozzle.htm" TARGET="_top" TITLE="EPRI Isokinetic Sampling Nozzles (Probes"><U>EPRI Isokinetic Sampling Nozzle</U></A> (Ref. 4 and 5).  This will result in a sample that is representative of the conditions in the pipe.  If a surface tap is used, the surface liquid film on the inside diameter of the pipe will be sampled.  </div> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <TABLE BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="1" WIDTH="281" BORDERCOLORLIGHT="#C0C0C0" BORDERCOLORDARK="#808080" FRAME="BOX" RULES="ALL" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0" > <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 356 ><NOBR><div> <IMG SRC="1990f5e0.jpg" border=0 width="271" height="350" ALT="Moisture Sampler" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> </NOBR></tD> </tR> <tR> <tD VALIGN=TOP HEIGHT= 16 WIDTH="275"><div> <B>Figure 1.  Moisture Sampler</B></div> </tD> </tR> </TABLE></div> <bR> <div> <B>References</B></div> <div> 1.  O. Jonas, "On-Line Diagnosis of Turbine Deposits and First Condensate," <I>55th Annual Intl. Water Conf.</I>, Pittsburgh, PA, Oct. 31-Nov. 1-2, 1994.</div> <div> 2.  O. Jonas. <I>Turbine Steam, Chemistry and Corrosion.</I> EPRI. Palo Alto, CA. TR-108184. February 1999. </div> <div> 3. <I> Turbine Steam, Chemistry and Corrosion: Experimental Turbine Tests.</I> EPRI, Palo Alto, CA. September 1997. TR-108185.</div> <div> 4.  O. Jonas. <I>Development of a Steam Sampling System.</I> EPRI. Palo Alto, CA. December 1991. TR-100196.</div> <div> 5.  <I>Standard Practice for Sampling Steam.</I> Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Section 11: Water and Environmental Technology. ASTM. D1066-97.</div> <bR> <bR> <bR> <DIV ALIGN="LEFT"></DIV> <div> <IMG SRC="1e266430.gif" border=0 width="358" height="67" ALIGN="BOTTOM" HSPACE="0" VSPACE="0"></div> <bR> <bR> </td> </tr></table></body>